https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1931HarMo...4....1B
Bailey 1926
Stars have a gregarious tendency. The position of el Misti is such at the Pleides when rising seem to be resting on the summit. Chats about the Pleides, how there seems to be thousands of stars beyond the seven sisters. Globular clusters discussed, like the one in Hercules, containing at least 35,000 stars which can be photographed in 1926. Discusses Cepheids which can only be examined on photographic plates, because they're so damn bright you can't stare at them through a telescope. Orion nebula, Miky Way, Andromedan spiral
Bailey 1930
Peruvian observations by Harvard began in 1888, although it took them several yers to land on a specific place for the telescope. Boyden Astronomical Station at Arequipa, volunteer observations undertaken and extended until the end of 1925, when they moved the telescope to South Africa. Arequipa Station is about 8,040 feet, mountains in the region include Chachnani, 20000 feet, el Misti, 19,000 feet, Pichu-Pich, about 18,000 feet. Shortest idstance to the Pacific Ocean is about 60 miles SW in a straight line. Mollenda, the port of Arequipa, liest to the south southwest. Between the Pacific and Arequipa are broad deserts and low mountain ranges. Meteorology were made by J.E. Muniz, while assistants were mostly astronomical.
Bailey 1931.
HO established by Harvard in October 1839. Harvard up and running by 1636. Astronomy attempted by Thomas Brattle, observed the comet of 1680, solar eclipse of June 1694, lunar clipses of Feb 1700 and Dec 1703. Professor ship established by 1727, first reasonable scientist was John Winthrop (the "first american astronomer", 1738. (transit of Mercury and in 1761, transit of Venus). AAAS founded in 1785. Eclipse expedition of 1780,
Bowditch (1773-1838), pal of Franklin; JQ Adams influential in bringing about the Harvard Observatory. Uranus discovered in 1781 and Neptun in 1846, Halley's comet in 1835, meteor shower in 1833, total clipse of 1806 made William Cranch Bond intersted in astronomical lines. First authoritative determination of the distance of a star was made in 1837 ofr 61 Cygni. HO idea conceived at the end of the 18th century. first coprate act was 1815. Bond went over to Europe in 1815 and was asked to get the particulars on the Greenwich Observatory for comparison, but not enough money until 1839. At Chapter II start.
Dana house was the first one, set up in a residence once owned by the poet Richard Dana, and used in the late 1830s. Had a little cupalo on the top, 184-42, named the H.C.O., Harvard College Observatory, specifically backed by JQ Adams. Made it available to the public, but had to put restrictions on it so staff could get their work done. Under Shapley, "open nights" were established at the observatory, with tickets available to the public, as well as the AAVSO and the Bond Astronomical Club (Bond Club)
New observatory was planned right from the the arrival of a comet in March of 1843 and it was determined that the Dana House observatory couldn't satifsty the demand and the telescope wasn't big enough. Subscriptions were collected from Boston, Salem, New Bedford, and Nantucket
First Peruvian Expedition, 1889. (Bailey 1931, p. 58)
At the same time as the expedition ot check out Mt. wilson as a potential observatory, SIB was sent to Peru. On Feb 2, 1889, SIB and family left SF for Callao, Peru on the San Jose, a ship of the Pacific Mail Company. At Panama there were joined by M.H. Bailey (SIB's brother), who brought more equipment from New York (I guess MH took the east coast route.
Mountain camp at Mount Harvard was set up with portable buildings, with the Bailey's Senor Elias Vieyra, a Peruvian assistant (which may or not be a definer of Vieyra) and two resident servants. Mleteer made a daily trip from the Rimac valley at Chosica, often visited by locals and tourists with a great vew of Lima and Callao. Checked out several locations, but ended up picking Arequipa, and on October 15, 1890, Mt. Harvard was abandoned and the equipment was moved there. Had the guidance of Senor Juan L. de Romana of Arequipa. The Baileys returned to Cambridge in May, 1891.
Second pervuian expedition, 1891; the Arequipa station. On January 17, 1891, W.H. Pickering and his valley, A.E. Douglass (yes, that AED) and George Vickers, assts. Pickering selected a site for the station, suggested by Romana, 2 miles NW of Arequipa and 8000 FASL and 500 ft above Arequipa. A residence, laborotary of buildings were constructed within a few months. Arequipa remained in chareg for the next years years, from 1893 until 1905 and again in 1922 and 1923, SIB was mostly in charge. Others included H.C. Bailey, R.H. Frost, Leon Campbell, Frank E. Hinkley, L.C. Blanchard, J.E. Muniz, and John S. Paraskevopoulos (other members listed in Chapter XX. I think Paraskevopoulos was married to one of the computing women.
Minor expeditions included 1891 WHP, AED, GV in Bolivia, the Chachani, and Mina Varis near Vallenar, Chile in 1893. Meteorological stations set up on El Misti in 1893, maintained for about 8 years, off and on, self-recording instruments ran for 10 days without rewinding. A series of meteorological stations were set up between Misti and Mollendo, and to the Urubamba valley at Santa Ana, Peru. Most were operated by locals, sometimes gratuitously (sometimes they were not paid)
Winslow Upton of Brown spent 10 months at Arequipa between 1896 and 1897, to figure out the exact geographical location.
In 1925, the total eclipse of the sun was observed at several stations )p. 67) including Shapley, Cannon, King, Payne, Harword, Fisher, Luyten. Mazelspoort near Bloemfontein was set up using the Arequipa equipment in 1927 on a kopje
chatter about publications in the low 70s. Page 79 starts Chapter VII, the Solar system, on what they were doing; the moon and planets and their moons; Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, The "Transneptunian planet" or Planet O, Asteriods, Eros; neteor showers by 87 or so; 1925 grant to study the plates; study of earth's shape (geodesy) 104; Bond zones begin at 108; the almucantar 113
Chapter X is about astronomical photography; issues with lenses etc. discussed on 120++, also chapter XI on photometry and polarizing
There are a bunch of photographs of the various equipment, including a few shots of Peru, I think they are in Wikipedia.
Chapter XII is on spectroscopy, includes detailed infor on development of Cannon's stuff and her precursors (Maury, Fleming; Chapter 13 is on variable stars and novae--it seems like Pickering got these women into the project as volunteers first, "educated women of leisure" 171 explains the numaing of variable stars: R Persei, for example is the first variable in Perseus, S, T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z, followed by RR to RZ, SS to SZ, and so forther, eventually they went back to the first bit of the alphabet, AA to AZ, BB to BZ and so forth, resulting is 334 possible variable star names in each constellation, unfortunately, those numbers were inadequate in Sagittarius and Ophiuchus by1927. In 1903, Pickering (who came up with this) devised a really unwieldy (that's me not SIB) method of numbering them, each Var gets a six figured number, representing the approx. position, the first four numbers are the right ascension fo f 1900 in hours and nimunts, and the last two are the declination in degrees. Italics were used for southern stars.
S Ursa Major for 1900 is 12h 39m.6 +60degrees 38 minutes, and the pickering number is 123961. It worked well, beause observers were able to calculate the numbers, but it soon became clear that the same number occurred two or three times, in which case the number added a letter designation (a, b, etc) 173. Andre suggestes the use in all cases of the letter v to indicate the variable, followed by a number reporesenting the oder of the discovery and last by the name of the constellation (v 25 Persei is the 25th var found in Perseus.
visual versus photography discussed on 179
globular clusters were found to have many vars, by SIB at Arequipa
nova chatter in the 180s; AAVSO 189ff
Chapter XIV is on clusters nad nebulae
Chapter XV on stellar systems structure and dimensions
biographical sketches begin about 217
good index.
https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/88constellations.html english versions of constellations
Bailey & Pickering 1899
1893 SIB established a meteorological station on El Mesi. Romana died of yellow fever
description of el Misti plant life, etc. begins abut 9
Arequipa was founded by the Spanish in 1549, the people speak of Arequipa as the daughter of el Misti, and themselves sons and daughters of the volcano
Pickering, SIB, Vickers, Douglass tried to make the summit but succumbed to mountain sickness (no doubt needed a shot of coca leaves). Detailed description of SIB attempt (including hilarious night at a crummy tambo) begins about 24 (hilarious o me, anyway). Inn of the Water of Miracles, as well as Inn of the Bones, (Huesos) which was truly crappy. Has a bottle of pisco handy
Once they finally landed at the summit, a small ritual, included coca
Mountain sickness, known in Peru as "soroche" described on 35ff,
The station described beginning 37. Pictures of ascent, Plate III
- Bailey, Solon I. "Clusters and Nebulae." The Scientific Monthly, vol. 22, no. 5, 1926, pp. 415–19, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/7650.
- Bailey, Solon Irving. "The History and Work of Harvard Observatory, 1839 to 1927; an Outline of the Origin, Development, and Researches of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College Together with Brief Biographies of Its Leading Members." Harvard Observatory Monographs, vol. 4, 1931, p. 1. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931HarMo...4....1B.
- Bailey, Solon I. "Peruvian Meteorology: Observations Made at the Arequipa Station, 1896-1925." Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, vol. 87, 1930.
- Bailey, S.I. and E.C. Pickering. Peruvian Meteorology, 1888-1890. The Observatory, 1899.
- https://www.americanscientist.org/article/harvard-in-peru-iii
Bailey 1926
Stars have a gregarious tendency. The position of el Misti is such at the Pleides when rising seem to be resting on the summit. Chats about the Pleides, how there seems to be thousands of stars beyond the seven sisters. Globular clusters discussed, like the one in Hercules, containing at least 35,000 stars which can be photographed in 1926. Discusses Cepheids which can only be examined on photographic plates, because they're so damn bright you can't stare at them through a telescope. Orion nebula, Miky Way, Andromedan spiral
Bailey 1930
Peruvian observations by Harvard began in 1888, although it took them several yers to land on a specific place for the telescope. Boyden Astronomical Station at Arequipa, volunteer observations undertaken and extended until the end of 1925, when they moved the telescope to South Africa. Arequipa Station is about 8,040 feet, mountains in the region include Chachnani, 20000 feet, el Misti, 19,000 feet, Pichu-Pich, about 18,000 feet. Shortest idstance to the Pacific Ocean is about 60 miles SW in a straight line. Mollenda, the port of Arequipa, liest to the south southwest. Between the Pacific and Arequipa are broad deserts and low mountain ranges. Meteorology were made by J.E. Muniz, while assistants were mostly astronomical.
Bailey 1931.
HO established by Harvard in October 1839. Harvard up and running by 1636. Astronomy attempted by Thomas Brattle, observed the comet of 1680, solar eclipse of June 1694, lunar clipses of Feb 1700 and Dec 1703. Professor ship established by 1727, first reasonable scientist was John Winthrop (the "first american astronomer", 1738. (transit of Mercury and in 1761, transit of Venus). AAAS founded in 1785. Eclipse expedition of 1780,
Bowditch (1773-1838), pal of Franklin; JQ Adams influential in bringing about the Harvard Observatory. Uranus discovered in 1781 and Neptun in 1846, Halley's comet in 1835, meteor shower in 1833, total clipse of 1806 made William Cranch Bond intersted in astronomical lines. First authoritative determination of the distance of a star was made in 1837 ofr 61 Cygni. HO idea conceived at the end of the 18th century. first coprate act was 1815. Bond went over to Europe in 1815 and was asked to get the particulars on the Greenwich Observatory for comparison, but not enough money until 1839. At Chapter II start.
Dana house was the first one, set up in a residence once owned by the poet Richard Dana, and used in the late 1830s. Had a little cupalo on the top, 184-42, named the H.C.O., Harvard College Observatory, specifically backed by JQ Adams. Made it available to the public, but had to put restrictions on it so staff could get their work done. Under Shapley, "open nights" were established at the observatory, with tickets available to the public, as well as the AAVSO and the Bond Astronomical Club (Bond Club)
New observatory was planned right from the the arrival of a comet in March of 1843 and it was determined that the Dana House observatory couldn't satifsty the demand and the telescope wasn't big enough. Subscriptions were collected from Boston, Salem, New Bedford, and Nantucket
First Peruvian Expedition, 1889. (Bailey 1931, p. 58)
At the same time as the expedition ot check out Mt. wilson as a potential observatory, SIB was sent to Peru. On Feb 2, 1889, SIB and family left SF for Callao, Peru on the San Jose, a ship of the Pacific Mail Company. At Panama there were joined by M.H. Bailey (SIB's brother), who brought more equipment from New York (I guess MH took the east coast route.
Mountain camp at Mount Harvard was set up with portable buildings, with the Bailey's Senor Elias Vieyra, a Peruvian assistant (which may or not be a definer of Vieyra) and two resident servants. Mleteer made a daily trip from the Rimac valley at Chosica, often visited by locals and tourists with a great vew of Lima and Callao. Checked out several locations, but ended up picking Arequipa, and on October 15, 1890, Mt. Harvard was abandoned and the equipment was moved there. Had the guidance of Senor Juan L. de Romana of Arequipa. The Baileys returned to Cambridge in May, 1891.
Second pervuian expedition, 1891; the Arequipa station. On January 17, 1891, W.H. Pickering and his valley, A.E. Douglass (yes, that AED) and George Vickers, assts. Pickering selected a site for the station, suggested by Romana, 2 miles NW of Arequipa and 8000 FASL and 500 ft above Arequipa. A residence, laborotary of buildings were constructed within a few months. Arequipa remained in chareg for the next years years, from 1893 until 1905 and again in 1922 and 1923, SIB was mostly in charge. Others included H.C. Bailey, R.H. Frost, Leon Campbell, Frank E. Hinkley, L.C. Blanchard, J.E. Muniz, and John S. Paraskevopoulos (other members listed in Chapter XX. I think Paraskevopoulos was married to one of the computing women.
Minor expeditions included 1891 WHP, AED, GV in Bolivia, the Chachani, and Mina Varis near Vallenar, Chile in 1893. Meteorological stations set up on El Misti in 1893, maintained for about 8 years, off and on, self-recording instruments ran for 10 days without rewinding. A series of meteorological stations were set up between Misti and Mollendo, and to the Urubamba valley at Santa Ana, Peru. Most were operated by locals, sometimes gratuitously (sometimes they were not paid)
Winslow Upton of Brown spent 10 months at Arequipa between 1896 and 1897, to figure out the exact geographical location.
In 1925, the total eclipse of the sun was observed at several stations )p. 67) including Shapley, Cannon, King, Payne, Harword, Fisher, Luyten. Mazelspoort near Bloemfontein was set up using the Arequipa equipment in 1927 on a kopje
chatter about publications in the low 70s. Page 79 starts Chapter VII, the Solar system, on what they were doing; the moon and planets and their moons; Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, The "Transneptunian planet" or Planet O, Asteriods, Eros; neteor showers by 87 or so; 1925 grant to study the plates; study of earth's shape (geodesy) 104; Bond zones begin at 108; the almucantar 113
Chapter X is about astronomical photography; issues with lenses etc. discussed on 120++, also chapter XI on photometry and polarizing
There are a bunch of photographs of the various equipment, including a few shots of Peru, I think they are in Wikipedia.
Chapter XII is on spectroscopy, includes detailed infor on development of Cannon's stuff and her precursors (Maury, Fleming; Chapter 13 is on variable stars and novae--it seems like Pickering got these women into the project as volunteers first, "educated women of leisure" 171 explains the numaing of variable stars: R Persei, for example is the first variable in Perseus, S, T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z, followed by RR to RZ, SS to SZ, and so forther, eventually they went back to the first bit of the alphabet, AA to AZ, BB to BZ and so forth, resulting is 334 possible variable star names in each constellation, unfortunately, those numbers were inadequate in Sagittarius and Ophiuchus by1927. In 1903, Pickering (who came up with this) devised a really unwieldy (that's me not SIB) method of numbering them, each Var gets a six figured number, representing the approx. position, the first four numbers are the right ascension fo f 1900 in hours and nimunts, and the last two are the declination in degrees. Italics were used for southern stars.
S Ursa Major for 1900 is 12h 39m.6 +60degrees 38 minutes, and the pickering number is 123961. It worked well, beause observers were able to calculate the numbers, but it soon became clear that the same number occurred two or three times, in which case the number added a letter designation (a, b, etc) 173. Andre suggestes the use in all cases of the letter v to indicate the variable, followed by a number reporesenting the oder of the discovery and last by the name of the constellation (v 25 Persei is the 25th var found in Perseus.
visual versus photography discussed on 179
globular clusters were found to have many vars, by SIB at Arequipa
nova chatter in the 180s; AAVSO 189ff
Chapter XIV is on clusters nad nebulae
Chapter XV on stellar systems structure and dimensions
biographical sketches begin about 217
good index.
https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/88constellations.html english versions of constellations
Bailey & Pickering 1899
1893 SIB established a meteorological station on El Mesi. Romana died of yellow fever
description of el Misti plant life, etc. begins abut 9
Arequipa was founded by the Spanish in 1549, the people speak of Arequipa as the daughter of el Misti, and themselves sons and daughters of the volcano
Pickering, SIB, Vickers, Douglass tried to make the summit but succumbed to mountain sickness (no doubt needed a shot of coca leaves). Detailed description of SIB attempt (including hilarious night at a crummy tambo) begins about 24 (hilarious o me, anyway). Inn of the Water of Miracles, as well as Inn of the Bones, (Huesos) which was truly crappy. Has a bottle of pisco handy
Once they finally landed at the summit, a small ritual, included coca
Mountain sickness, known in Peru as "soroche" described on 35ff,
The station described beginning 37. Pictures of ascent, Plate III